There is no cure for eczema, so treatment includes managing symptoms and trying to prevent further flare-ups.

Some treatment options for eczema include:

• moisturizers or emollients to keep skin hydrated and reduce itching and cracking
• steroid creams and ointments to reduce swelling, redness, and burning
• antihistamines to reduce itching, especially at night
• topical calcineurin inhibitors to help reduce inflammation
• phototherapy, which uses ultraviolet (UV) light to counter inflammation
• antibiotics to treat bacterial skin infections

How to avoid breakouts?

Some general tips that can help prevent eczema flare-ups include:

• use mild soaps and detergents
• avoid fragrances or perfumes
• use colder water for showers or baths
• towel dry skin gently after washing
• avoid scratching or rubbing the eczema patches, as damaging the skin can make eczema worse and increase the chance of infection
• moisturize thoroughly and regularly with gentle, oil-rich products
• apply non-cosmetic moisturizers after showers and baths to keep skin hydrated
• wear clothing made of natural fibers and avoid tight clothing

People with eczema will also benefit from working with their doctor or dermatologist to identify what triggers or worsens their symptoms. Avoiding specific triggers or allergens can help prevent or minimize flare-ups.

Diagnosis and when to see a doctor

People experiencing eczema symptoms should see a doctor or dermatologist. Eczema can indicate a new allergy, so it’s important to determine what’s causing the reaction.

Eczema can also increase the chance of staph infections and have a serious effect on people’s mental health. A doctor can recommend a treatment plan to control symptoms and flare-ups.

There is no specific test to diagnose most types of eczema. The doctor may want to know the person’s personal and family medical history. He will also ask about recent exposures to potential allergens and irritants. People must tell their doctor if they have hay fever or asthma.

The doctor may also ask:

• sleep patterns
• stress factors
• any previous treatment for skin conditions
• any use of steroids

A physical examination of the rash will help the doctor diagnose what type of eczema it is. The doctor may also perform a patch test, which involves pricking the person’s skin with a needle that contains potential irritants and allergens. A patch test can determine whether or not someone has contact dermatitis.